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Rosemary Crossley AM (born 1945) is an Australian author and advocate for disability rights and facilitated communication. a technique in which a disabled person with difficulty communicating is encouraged to spell out messages with a keyboard or letter board, while their hand is held and helped to move by a facilitator. Crossley is a controversial figure in the field of autism and disabilities, while respected in her native Australia, where she is director of the Anne McDonald Centre near Melbourne for people with with little or no functional speech and the film ''Annie's Coming Out'' was made about her work.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.annemcdonaldcentre.org.au/node/31 )〕 Outside Australia, facilitated communication has been considered ineffective or actively harmful pseudoscience by psychologists and governments. In particular, it has often failed controlled tests where the facilitator, supposed to aid the autistic person to communicate, is not aware what the answer should be, leading experts to suggest that the facilitator is directing the movement of the disabled person to the answer they expect to see.〔Auerbach, David,("Facilitated Communication is a Cult that Won't Die", (article) ), "Slate.com", 12 November 2012〕 ==Authorship and advocacy== Rosemary Crossley is the co-author, with the late Anne McDonald, of ''Annie's Coming Out'',〔(Annie's Coming Out'' ) www.amazon.co.uk〕 the story of Anne's breakthrough to communication and her release from a large Australian care home for children and adults with severe disabilities. Anne's story went on to be made into an award-winning film titled ''Annie's Coming Out'' (also called ''A Test Of Love'') in 1984 starring Angela Punch McGregor and directed by Gil Brealey, the screenplay for which was written by Rosemary's partner, Chris Borthwick, with both Rosemary and Anne as contributing writers. The film won Australian Film Institute (AFI) awards for Best Picture, Best Actress, Best Supporting Actress, and Best Adapted Screenplay. ''Annie's Coming Out'' tells the story of how Rosemary Crossley developed the form of augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) now known as ''facilitated communication'' or (as Crossley herself prefers) ''facilitated communication training''. Facilitated communication training is today widely used by people with a variety of communication handicaps. Widespread controversy has continued to accompany its use in the autistic population.〔Biklen, Douglas. (2005). "Autism and the Myth of the Person Alone". New York, New York: University Press.〕 While a number of peer reviewed scientific studies have concluded that the language output attributed to the clients is directed or systematically determined by the therapists who provide facilitated assistance.〔http://www.theeway.com/skepticc/archives15.html#results FACILITATED COMMUNICATION: MENTAL MIRACLE OR SLEIGHT OF HAND? (1994) By Gina Green, Ph.D.〕 Rosemary Crossley went on to establish DEAL (Dignity, Education, Advocacy, Language) Communication Centre,〔(DEAL (Dignity, Education, Advocacy, Language) Communication Centre ) www.deal.org.au〕 training a wide range of functionally non-verbal people in the use of communication techniques with family, friends and carers. She was the inspiration for facilitated communication in the US which was begun by Douglas Biklen of Syracuse University, Division of Special Education and Rehabilitation, who visited her in Australia. Academic research and development (in inclusion, community integration and communication) conducted at the university with doctoral students were reported early in the disability literature 〔Biklen, D., Morton, M.W., Saha, S.N., Duncan, J., Gold, D., Hardardottir, M., Karna, E., O'Connor, S., & Rao, S. (1991). "I amn not a utistivc on thje typ" (I/m not Autistic on the Typewriter"). "Disability, Handicap and Society", 6(3): 161-180.〕 with very impressive developments in the field of autism and speech.〔Biklen, D., Morton, M.W., Gold, D., Berrigan, C. & Swaminathan, S. (1992). Facilitated communication: Implications for individuals with autism. "Topics in Language Disorders", 12(4): 1-28.〕 She later wrote ''Speechless: Facilitating Communication for People Without Voices''〔(Speechless: Facilitating Communication for People Without Voices ) www.amazon.com〕 about the experiences of several people who first acquired communication through this technique. She was the Keynote Conference Speaker at the International Association of Severe Disabilities in 1990, having assisted over 600 people with communication many for the very first time in Australia.〔...(1990, August). Keynote Speaker Spotlight: Rosemary Crossley. "TASH Newsletter", 3.〕 Rosemary Crossley has a PhD from Victoria University, Australia and is a Member of the Order of Australia (AM)〔http://www.itsanhonour.gov.au/honours/honour_roll/search.cfm?aus_award_id=880689&search_type=quick&showInd=true Australian Honours, 1986 citation "in recognition of service to those with severe communication disabilities"〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Rosemary Crossley」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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